Formulations and Inhaler for Patients on Mechanical Ventilation
نویسنده
چکیده
Patents: To deliver drugs to patients on mechanical ventilation, the drug particles have to successfully navigate through an endotracheal tube and the ventilator tubing. Liquid formulations (e.g. nebulized) normally used with these patients are inefficient. Large amounts of drugs are deposited in the endotracheal tube and within the ventilator circuit. Dry powders offer an alternative formulation to enhance drug delivery to the patients. Inhaled dry powder drugs are delivered via dry powder inhalers (DPIs). DPIs are not designed to connect with mechanical ventilation. We have designed DPIs that can be connected directly to the endotracheal tube to provide convenient drug delivery to intubated patients. We have also identified the necessary attributes of dry powder formulations to achieve efficient and reproducible dosing through endotracheal tubes or through catheter tubing designed to bypass the variable endotracheal tube environment. Both the inhaler design and dry powder formulation properties were found to be significant components for effective drug delivery to intubated patients.
منابع مشابه
Aerosol delivery during mechanical ventilation: from basic techniques to new devices.
Pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) and nebulizers are routinely employed for aerosol delivery in mechanically ventilated patients. A significant proportion of the aerosol deposits in the ventilator circuit and artificial airway, thereby reducing the inhaled drug mass. Factors influencing aerosol delivery during mechanical ventilation differ from those in spontaneously breathing patients....
متن کاملComparison of the Effects of Open and Closed Endotracheal Suction on Cardiovascular and Ventilation Parameters for Patients Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation
Background and Objectives: Suction is a necessary and common method which aids in the release of secretion from the respiratory system for the patients who have undergone mechanical ventilation. One of the most common complications of suction is hypoxemia which causes dysrhythmia and death. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of open and closed-endotracheal suction on cardiov...
متن کاملBasic techniques for aerosol delivery during mechanical ventilation.
Among the devices employed for aerosol generation (metered-dose inhalers, nebulizers, and dry powder inhalers) only metered-dose inhalers and nebulizers are routinely employed for aerosol delivery to mechanically ventilated patients. The ventilator circuit and artificial airway were previously thought to be major barriers to effective aerosol delivery to mechanically ventilated patients. In the...
متن کاملComparison of the effect of pressure support ventilation and volume assured pressure support ventilation on weaning patients off mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery
Background: Weaning from mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit is an important step in the treatment process. More patients in less than 6 hours after cardiac surgery can be separated from mechanical ventilation and extubated. However, 20-40% of patients after cardiac surgery, due to dysfunctional ventilator weaning response (DVWR), still remain under mechanical ventilation. Therefo...
متن کاملReconciling in vitro and in vivo measurements of aerosol delivery from a metered-dose inhaler during mechanical ventilation and defining efficiency-enhancing factors.
We attempted to resolve the discrepancies in reported data on aerosol deposition from a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-propelled metered-dose inhaler (MDI) during mechanical ventilation, obtained by in vivo and in vitro methodologies. Albuterol delivery to the lower respiratory tract was decreased in a humidified versus a dry circuit (16.2 versus 30.4%, respectively; p < 0.01). In 10 mechanically ven...
متن کامل